According to the characteristics of substation, the general principle of lightning protection is to introduce most of the lightning current directly into underground dissipation (external protection); BlockingOver-voltage waves (internal protection and over-voltage protection) entering along the power line or data and signal lines; Limit surge overvoltage amplitude on protected equipment (overVoltage protection). These three lines of defense, cooperate with each other, carry their own responsibilities, and are indispensable. From simple-dimensional protection (lightning rod leads lightning into the ground)Passive protection) to three-dimensional protection (active and passive protection), including: direct lightning protection, induction lightning wave intrusion prevention, lightning protection and electromagnetic inductionAnd other aspects of the system are analyzed.