Non-pharmaceutical care management

非药物护理管理经常被提及，但很少被描述[4,5]。躁动和攻击性药物治疗实践的异质性也证明了对最新科学数据的更好了解是合理的。在这一方面，根据对美国医疗保健专业人员进行的一项调查 [6]，专家医生最常用于治疗 TBI 患者躁动的 5 种药物是卡马西平、三环类抗抑郁药、曲唑酮、金刚烷胺和 β 受体阻滞剂。对于非专家组，那些是卡马西平、β-受体阻滞剂、氟哌啶醇、三环抗抑郁药和苯二氮卓类药物。弗朗西斯科等人最近的一项类似工作。[7] 表明专家优先使用丙戊酸盐、劳拉西泮、普萘洛尔、纳多洛尔、曲扎酮和卡马西平，而非专家优先使用劳拉西泮，卡马西平和利培酮。该研究还指出，专家和非专家之间存在显着差异的躁动的药物管理没有明确的共识。

Non-pharmaceutical care management is often brought up but has rarely been described [4,5]. The heterogeneity of practices regarding medication care of agitation and aggressiveness also justifies a better knowledge of the latest scientific data. In that line,according to a survey conducted on US healthcare professionals [6], the 5 medicines most frequently used for expert physicians to treat agitation in patients with TBI are carbamazepine, tricyclic antidepressants, trazodone, amantadine and beta-blockers. For the non-expert group, those were carbamazepine, beta-blockers,haloperidol, tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines. A more recent and similar work by Francisco et al. [7] showed that experts preferentially used valproate, lorazepam, propranolol,nadolol, trazadone and carbamazepine whereas non-experts used in priority lorazepam, carbamazepine and risperidone. This study also pointed out no clear consensus for medication management of agitation with noticeable differences between experts and non-experts.<br>

非药物护理管理经常被提出，但很少被描述[4，5]。焦虑和攻击性药物治疗实践的异质性也证明了对最新科学数据的更好了解。在这方面，根据对美国医疗保健专业人员进行的一项调查[6]，专家医生最常用于治疗TBI患者躁动的5种药物是卡马西平、三环类抗抑郁药、曲唑酮、金刚烷胺和β受体阻滞剂。对于非专家组，这些药物是卡马西平、β受体阻滞剂、氟哌啶醇、三环类抗抑郁药和苯二氮卓类。Francisco等人最近的一项类似工作[7]显示，专家优先使用丙戊酸盐、劳拉西泮、普萘洛尔、那洛尔、曲唑酮和卡马西平，而非专家优先使用劳拉西泮、卡马西平和利培酮。这项研究还指出，对于激越的药物治疗没有明确的共识，专家和非专家之间有明显的差异。