This study has several limitations.

This study has several limitations. First, although we developed a model to predict the rhTM target phenotype, it remains unclear whether the rhTM target phenotype is the true target of rhTM therapy. Second, there may be diagnostic suspicion bias and unmeasured confounding. Additionally, the number of missing variables for prediction may have limited our findings. Thus, our findings should be validated in randomised controlled trials. Third, because machine learning models are generally difficult to interpret, our model itself does not pro-vide information on the underlying mechanisms. Finally, our data were obtained from Japanese patients, and the generalisability of the results to other populations may be limited.