In recent years, uranium has developed rapidly. As an important strategic resource in the field of nuclear power industry and nuclear technology application, uranium will produce a large amount of uranium containing wastewater in all links of uranium mining, nuclear industry production and nuclear accidents. With the migration of environment and the enrichment of food chain, uranium in water will enter the ecosystem, which will pose a threat to human health and environmental security. Therefore, uranium containing wastewater must be properly treated. Using microbial cells as biosorbent to enrich and recover radionuclides in aqueous solution has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, less energy consumption and no secondary pollution. Therefore, biosorption technology has attracted extensive attention of researchers all over the world in recent years.