Evidence suggests that both cell-to

Evidence suggests that both cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate contacts are required for proliferation, which is consistent with our data showing that OEC proliferation on Ti, to which they have low adhesion, was slow but was accelerated by exsomes treatment, which also enhanced adherence. Thus, the adherence of OECs to different materials may dictate its proliferation rate. Results from our in vitro model of wound healing show that the wound healing process is influenced not only by cell migration but also by cell proliferation.