Keeping pace with and ultimately leaping ahead of our adversaries will require significant advancement and innovation that may fundamentally redefine our approach to air and missile defense. A framework for contemplating the game-changing capabilities necessary to accomplish this goal across the set of anticipated future grand challenges is depicted in Figure 1. The strategic vectors span the breadth of envisioned capabilities and provide direction toward potential defining innovations. They include ubiquitous ISR&T; novel kinetic weapons; asymmetric nonkinetic defeat; transformational C2; and cognitive communications and networking.