The current treatment for ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventriculartachycardia is defibrillation administered as quickly as possible.A recent observational study questioned whether defibrillation should be provided assoon as possible for all cases of ventricular fibrillation.Future defibrillators may be able to interpret the form and amplitude of theelectrocardiographic signal and recommend either immediate defibrillationraperiod of cardiopulmonary resusçitation first. It is not difficult to envisionbiosensors that will guide therapy during resuscitation in the future. End-tidalcarbon dioxidemonitors are already being used and are recommended to indicate the adequacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the likelihood of a successful resuscitation.