（3）可以通过合适的手段实现缺陷的一步构筑，即在合成过程中引入缺陷的形

(3) One-step construction of defects can be achieved by appropriate means, that is, the formation mechanism of defects is introduced during the synthesis process, so that the resulting material itself contains defects. Hydrothermal solvothermal method is a very widely used method in the preparation of nanomaterials. By adjusting various parameters in the synthesis process (such as temperature, time, feed concentration, adding surface modifiers, etc.), the phase and size can be achieved. , Morphology and other aspects of controllable synthesis [7], similarly, we can also achieve the construction of defects by controlling the synthesis conditions.

(3) The one-step construction of defects can be achieved by appropriate means, that is, the formation mechanism of defects can be introduced in the synthesis process, so that the material itself is the resulting resulting defect. Hydrothermal solvent thermal method is a very widely used method in the preparation of nanomaterials, through the regulation of various parameters in the synthesis process (such as temperature, time, feeding concentration, adding surface modifiers, etc.), can achieve the phase, size, shape and other aspects of controlled synthesis.

(3) One step of defect construction can be realized by appropriate means, that is, introducing the formation mechanism of defects in the synthesis process, so that the final material itself contains defects. Hydrothermal solvothermal method is a very widely used method in the preparation of nanomaterials at present. By adjusting various parameters in the synthesis process (such as temperature, time, feeding concentration, adding surface modifier, etc.), controllable synthesis of phase, size, morphology and other aspects can be realized [7]. Similarly, we can also realize the construction of defects by controlling the synthesis conditions.<br>