A reduction of system size into the

将系统尺寸减小到纳米级通常会增强微观结构、成分、应力、缺陷浓度和表面成分对铁电偶极子类型和强度的影响。这主要是因为这些偶极子的长度尺度只有几埃（即基本偶极子的正负电荷之间的间隔距离），导致 BaTiO3 NCs 具有独特的介电和铁电特性。 28， 75,76 在这种情况下，通过纳米级的结构或相位设计了解并最终操纵介电特性对于将这种有趣的材料实际应用于依赖介电材料的各种类型的下一代微米和纳米设备至关重要。已经研究了用于获得所需介电特性的各种策略。其中，改变 BaTiO3 NCs 的尺寸、形状和表面改性是最有效和研究最广泛的策略。这些类型的策略是本节的重点。

A reduction of system size into the nanoscale regime typically enhances the effect of microstructure, composition, stress,defect concentration and surface composition on the type and intensity of ferroelectric dipoles . This is due primarily to the fact that these dipoles have a length scale of only a few angstroms(i.e., the separation distance between the positive and negative charges of an elementary dipole), leading to unique dielectric and ferroelectric properties in BaTiO3 NCs.28,75,76 In this context, understanding and ultimately manipulating the dielectric properties through structure or phase design at the nanoscale is of prime importance for the practical application of this interesting material in various types of next generation micro and nano devices that rely on dielectric materials. Various strategies for obtaining desirable dielectric properties have been investigated. Among them, changing the size, shape and surface modification of BaTiO3 NCs stand out as the most effective and widely studied strategies.Strategies of these types are the focus of this section.<br>

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