Nearly 19th century, medicinal chem

近19世纪末，药物化学家已经分离从柳树皮树中的有效成分水杨酸，并确定其化学结构。因为，水杨酸被广泛地用作在治疗性治疗的抗风湿和解热镇痛药。<br>然而，长期的临床实践中，一些副作用，已观察到这种分子，如胃刺激作用，其可以诱导不舒服症状和消化性溃疡等<br>药物化学家估计，苯周期的酚基的强烈的刺激作用，以胃膜，可诱导这种症状，是该副作用的主要原因。和他们提议通过乙酰化法进行酚基的结构修饰。<br>由乙酸酐水杨酸的乙酰化给出乙酰水杨酸，阿司匹林命名。与此结构修饰，原始化合物水杨酸的副作用已经减少，药理作用谱已经扩展，例如，阿司匹林还具有抗血栓形成作用，这表明在一些心血管疾病的预防和治疗的有益效果，如冠状动脉心脏疾病，动脉粥样硬化等。

Nearly 19th century, medicinal chemists have isolated the active principle salicylic acid from the willow bark tree, and defined its chemical structure. Since, salicylic acid is widely used as anti-rheumatic and antipyretic analgesic drug in the therapeutic treatment. <br>However, during the long clinical practice, some side effects have been observed for this molecule, as stomach stimulating effects, which can induce uncomfortable symptom and peptic ulcer, etc.<br>Medicinal chemists estimate that the strong stimulating effects of the phenol group on benzene cycle to the stomach membrane, which can induce this symptom, is the main cause of this side effect. And they propose to perform a structural modification of the phenol group by acetylating method.<br>Acetylation of the salicylic acid by acetic anhydride gives acetyl salicylic acid, named Aspirin. With this structural modification, the side effects of original compound salicylic acid have been reduced, the pharmacological action spectrum has been extended, for example, Aspirin has also anti-thrombosis action, which shows beneficial effects on prevention and treatment of some cardiovascular diseases, as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, etc.

近19世纪，医药化学家从柳树皮中分离出水杨酸的有效成分，并确定了其化学结构。自年以来，水杨酸被广泛应用于治疗风湿病和解热镇痛药物。<br>然而，在长期的临床实践中，发现该分子存在一些副作用，如胃刺激作用，可引起不适症状和消化性溃疡等。<br>药物化学家估计，酚基对苯循环到胃膜的强烈刺激作用，可诱发这种症状，是产生这种副作用的主要原因。他们建议用乙酰化方法对酚基进行结构修饰。<br>由乙酸酐将水杨酸乙酰化得到乙酰水杨酸，称为阿司匹林。通过这种结构修饰，减少了原化合物水杨酸的副作用，扩大了其药理作用谱，如阿司匹林还具有抗血栓形成作用，对冠心病等心血管疾病的防治具有良好的效果，动脉粥样硬化等。<br>