In essence, water production is con

In essence, water production is controlled by the external load resistance and water removal is controlled by temperature and flow rate! Fixing the load resistance, feed flow rates and cell temperature results in either one or three intersections of the water production and water removal curves, corresponding to steady states. At a high load resistance and high temperature there is a single low current or “extinguished’’ steady state. At moderate load resistances and low temperatures, three steady states exist. In addition to the extinguished state, there exists a high current or “ignited’’ steady state, and an intermediate steady state.