二、基本原理简介（一）、解吸、电解的基本原理1、载金炭解吸的基本原理载

2. Introduction to the basic principles <br>(1). Basic principles of desorption and electrolysis <br>1. Basic principles of desorption of gold-loaded carbon. <br>In gold-loaded carbon, the Au(CN)2- ions adsorbed on the micropore wall can be desorbed by changing the conditions. With the increase of OH-, CN-, pressure, temperature and other condition parameters, it will be quickly transferred to the aqueous solution (i.e. desorption liquid). <br>This process is called gold desorption. <br>In essence, the Au(CN)2- ions on the activated carbon are replaced by excess OH- or CN- in the desorption solution. <br>The purpose of increasing pressure is to increase temperature. <br>The higher the temperature, the greater the OH- concentration, and the more complete the desorption of gold. <br>2. The basic principle of gold electrolysis (accumulation) <br>is to desorb gold and silver in noble solution, which exist in the form of Au(CN)2- and Ag(CN)2- complex ions. <br>During the electrolysis process, the ionic gold and silver receive electrons from the anode plate and are reduced to metallic gold and silver and deposit (precipitate) on the surface of the cathode (carbon fiber or steel wool). <br>(2) Activation and regeneration of lean carbon. <br>The activated carbon after gold removal is called lean carbon. <br>The activation treatment to restore the activity of poor carbon is called carbon regeneration. <br>There are two methods of regeneration: acid method and fire method. <br>1. Necessity of regeneration: <br>After a period of recycling of fresh activated carbon, in addition to wear and tear, the adsorption performance also undergoes major changes, that is, the surface and pores of the activated carbon contain carbonate and other acid-soluble precipitates. substances and various organic substances, etc., resulting in a reduction in adsorption rate and adsorption capacity. <br>This characteristic is called activated carbon aging. <br>In order to overcome aging, restore the activity of activated carbon, and enable the carbon to be recycled as many times as possible, it must be regenerated. <br>2. Introduction to the regeneration principle <br>(1) Principle of acid regeneration: <br>Every time the activated carbon is recycled, it must be regenerated by an acid method, and it does not necessarily have to be regenerated by a fire method. <br>For acid regeneration, use hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 5-10%, stir for 30 minutes and then wash with water until neutral. <br>The principle is: inorganic salts such as carbonates in the micropores of activated carbon can be dissolved by acid to restore the activity of the carbon. (2) After multiple cycles of fire regeneration principle, the problem of the scaling of organic matter on the micropores of activated carbon cannot be solved by relying on the acid method alone, especially flotation agents and humic acid, which are firmly bonded to the carbon <br>. <br>Combined, it is only possible by fire to burn off most of it, thereby regenerating the charcoal. <br>Pyrocarbon regeneration is a device that uses a direct electric heating rotary kiln. <br>The principle of fire regeneration is: dry the wet carbon with high-temperature gas. During the heating, the adsorbed organic matter is removed from the active points of the activated carbon in the form of carbonization and oxidation through the processes of steam distillation and thermal decomposition. <br>The 100-150℃ in the regeneration kiln is the drying zone, and the 650-750℃ is the carbonization process zone. The oxidizing gas is mainly superheated water vapor, and the presence of air or oxygen is not expected. <br>The important role of fire regeneration is not only to remove organic matter, but also to expand the pores of the carbon, so that oxide active centers are generated on the internal and external surfaces of the carbon, so that the activity of the carbon can be fully restored. <br>Relevant data reports that after the granular charcoal fire method is regenerated 7 times, the particle size of the charcoal decreases by approximately 13% and then does not change. The actual particle size change each time is 1.4%. <br>The importance of carbon regeneration lies in the fact that if the carbon regeneration is not done well, the carbon consumption will be quite serious and the gold recovery rate will drop from a gradual drop to a sudden sharp drop, so there will be no economic benefit from the mining industry.

2、 Introduction to Basic Principles<br>（1） Basic principles of desorption and electrolysis<br>1. The basic principle of gold loaded carbon desorption<br>In the gold loaded carbon, the Au (CN) 2- ions adsorbed on the microporous wall can quickly transfer to the aqueous solution (i.e. desorption solution) with the increase of OH -, CN -, pressure, temperature and other conditions by changing the conditions.<br>This process is called gold desorption.<br>Essentially, the Au (CN) 2- ions on activated carbon are replaced by excess OH - or CN - ions in the desorption solution.<br>The purpose of increasing pressure is to increase temperature.<br>The higher the temperature, the greater the concentration of OH -, and the more thorough the desorption of gold.<br>2. Basic Principles of Gold Electrolysis (Accumulation)<br>The desorption of gold and silver in precious liquids occurs in the form of Au (CN) 2- and Ag (CN) 2- complex ions.<br>During the electrolysis process, the ion state of gold and silver obtains electrons from the anode plate and is reduced to metal gold and silver, which are deposited (precipitated) on the surface of the cathode (carbon fiber or steel wool).<br>（2） Activation and regeneration of lean carbon<br>The activated carbon after gold removal is called lean carbon.<br>The activation treatment to restore the activity of poor carbon is called carbon regeneration.<br>There are two methods of regeneration: acid method and fire method.<br>1. The necessity of regeneration<br>After a period of cyclic use, fresh activated carbon not only undergoes significant changes in adsorption performance due to wear and tear, but also due to the presence of acid soluble precipitates such as carbonates and various organic substances in the surface and pores of activated carbon, resulting in a decrease in adsorption rate and capacity.<br>This characteristic is called activated carbon aging.<br>To overcome aging and restore the activity of activated carbon, it is necessary to recycle the carbon as many times as possible.<br>2. Introduction to the Principle of Regeneration<br>(1) Principle of acid regeneration<br>The activated carbon that has undergone each cycle of use must undergo an acid regeneration treatment, rather than necessarily a fire regeneration treatment.<br>Acid regeneration uses hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 5-10%, stir for 30 minutes, and then wash with clean water until neutral.<br>The principle is that inorganic salts such as carbonates in the micropores of activated carbon can be dissolved by acids, restoring the activity of the carbon.<br>(2) Principle of fire regeneration<br>After multiple cycles, relying solely on acid method cannot solve the problem of organic matter scaling affecting the micropores of activated carbon, especially flotation reagents and humic acids, which are firmly combined with carbon. Only through fire method can most of them be burned, thereby activating and regenerating the carbon.<br>Fire activated carbon regeneration is a device that uses a direct electric heating rotary kiln.<br>The principle of fire regeneration is to dry wet carbon with high-temperature gas, and during heating, the adsorbed organic matter is removed from the active point of activated carbon by carbonization and oxidation through processes such as distillation and thermal decomposition of water vapor.<br>100-150 ℃ is the drying zone in the regeneration kiln, and 650-750 ℃ is the carbonization process zone. The oxidizing gas is mainly superheated water vapor, and the presence of air or oxygen is not desired.<br>The important role of fire regeneration is not only to remove organic matter, but also to expand the pores of carbon, generate oxide active centers on the inner and outer surfaces of carbon, and fully restore the activity of carbon.<br>According to relevant data reports, with the regeneration of granular carbon by fire method 7 times, the particle size of the carbon decreases by approximately 13

Second, a brief introduction to the basic principles<br> (1) Basic principles of desorption and electrolysis<br> 1. Basic principle of gold-loaded carbon desorption.<br> Au (CN) 2-ions adsorbed on the micropore wall in gold-loaded carbon can be quickly transferred to aqueous solution (i.e. desorption solution) with the increase of OH-,CN-,pressure, temperature and other conditions after changing conditions.<br> This process is called gold desorption.<br> In essence, the Au (CN) 2-ion on the activated carbon is replaced by excess OH-or CN-in the desorption solution.<br> The purpose of increasing the pressure is to increase the temperature.<br> The higher the temperature, the greater the concentration of OH-and the more thorough the desorption of gold.<br> 2, the basic principle of gold electrolysis (product)<br> The gold and silver desorbed from your solution exist in the form of Au (CN) 2-and Ag (CN) 2-complex ions.<br> In the process of electrolysis, gold and silver in ionic state get electrons from the anode plate, which are reduced to metal gold and silver and deposited on the surface of cathode (carbon fiber or steel wool).<br> (2) Activation and regeneration of lean carbon<br> The activated carbon after gold removal is called lean carbon.<br> The activation treatment to restore the activity of poor carbon is called carbon regeneration.<br> There are two methods of regeneration: acid method and fire method.<br> 1, the necessity of regeneration<br> After a period of recycling, the adsorption performance of fresh activated carbon has also changed greatly, except for wear, that is, the surface and pores of activated carbon contain acid-soluble precipitates such as carbonate and various organic substances, resulting in a decrease in adsorption rate and adsorption capacity.<br> This feature is called activated carbon aging.<br> In order to overcome aging, restore the activity of activated carbon, and recycle the carbon as many times as possible, it must be regenerated.<br> 2. Brief introduction of regeneration principle<br> (1) Principle of acid regeneration<br> Every time the activated carbon is recycled, it must be regenerated by acid method, but not necessarily by fire method.<br> Acid regeneration with hydrochloric acid concentration of 5-10%, stirring for 30 minutes, and then washing with clear water until neutral.<br> The principle is that inorganic salts such as carbonate in the micropores of activated carbon can be dissolved by acid, so that the carbon can recover its activity.<br> (2) The principle of pyrometallurgical regeneration<br> After many cycles, acid method alone can't solve the problem of the influence of organic matter scaling on the micropores of activated carbon, especially flotation reagents and humic acid, which are firmly combined with carbon, and most of them can be burned only by fire method, thus activating and regenerating the carbon.<br> Pyrolysis carbon regeneration is a kind of equipment using direct electric heating rotary kiln.<br> The principle of pyrometallurgical regeneration is that wet carbon is dried with high-temperature gas, and the adsorbed organic matter is removed from the active site of activated carbon in the form of carbonization and oxidation through the processes of distillation and thermal decomposition of water vapor during heating.<br> In the regeneration kiln, 100-150℃ is the drying zone and 650-750℃ is the carbonization process zone. The oxidizing gas is mainly superheated steam, and there is no need for air or oxygen.<br> The important role of pyrometallurgical regeneration can not only remove organic matter, but also expand the pores of carbon, so that oxide active centers are formed on the inner and outer surfaces of carbon, and the activity of carbon can be fully recovered.<br> It is reported that with the regeneration of granular charcoal by fire method for 7 times, the particle size of charcoal is reduced by about 13% and will not change, and the actual particle size change is 1.4% each time.<br> The importance of carbon regeneration lies in: if the carbon regeneration work is not done well, the carbon consumption will be quite serious and the gold recovery rate will drop from gradually to suddenly, so it is impossible to talk about the economic benefits of mining.