The total direct labor variance by the direct labor efficiency variance and the direct labor productivity variance components. Budget direct labor hours to 11,250 hours, the actual labor hours to 10,000 hours. Less than the budget for 1250 hours, 0.28 hours each, is clearly advantageous. The company employs highly qualified staff to effectively improve production efficiency, reduce staff training time or overtime. Billing hours increased the budget for direct labor rate £ 8 hours actual work rate £ 9.5 per hour. And more than 1.5 pounds budget is unfavorable. Overall, it may be caused by internal and external factors. Higher than expected wage settlement may be the cause of internal differences, to recruit new staff to operate the machine, which increases costs. For external factors, technological progress and shortages in the labor market may increase labor costs. Although the direct labor efficiency variance is positive, direct labor productivity variance is negative, but the total direct labor variance is negative.
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