Generally speaking, studies related

Generally speaking, studies related to the aerodynamiccharacteristics of trains under crosswind usually adopt afull-scale test, wind tunnel test, and computational fluiddynamic (CFD) simulation. For full-scale tests, Tian andLiang [9] successfully conducted pressure measurements ofa train during its intersection on a Guangzhou Shenzhenhigh-speed railway and discussed the relationship betweenthe amplitude of the pressure wave and the train runningspeed. Xiong and Liang [10] tested the surface pressure ofCRH2 with two trains passing each other on the JiaojiRailway, where the space between the two lines is 4.4 m. Amaximum pressure of 1195 Pa was recorded on the carbody surface, with the train running at 250 km/h. Hideyukiet al. [11] discussed the dynamic performance of maglevtrain intersections through a field measurement method andproposed a measure to improve the running comfort.Although the field measurements can be reliably used tostudy the aerodynamic changes of two-train intersections,the high measurement cost, low efficiency, and unstable wind environment usually limit its application.