The Heterotrait–Monotrait (HTMT) ra

The Heterotrait–Monotrait (HTMT) ratio was usedto examine the discriminant validity of the model.Recent studies suggest that the HTMT ratio wouldbe a more powerful criterion for discriminant validity(cut-off value of below 0.90) than the more commonlyused Fornell–Larcker method (Hair, Hult, Ringle, & Sarstedt,2017, p. 119; Henseler, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2014).This study found that all HTMT ratios were below thecut-off of 0.9 (see Table 2). Hence, the measurementmodel was confirmed for discriminant validity. Also,Q2 (effect size) values of larger than zero for endogenousvariables indicated acceptable predictive relevance(Hair et al., 2012). The standardized rootmean square residual (SRMR) revealed less than 0.08,which was deemed as a good fit (Hair et al., 2010).Including two sub-constructs (trust in platform andfundraiser) of the second-order factor (perceivedtrust), multicollinearity of each item was tested usingthe variance inflation factor (VIF). Because all VIFvalues of the items ranged from 1.594 to 3.029, multicollinearitywas not problematic for the data (Hairet al., 2010, 2012).