Carbon is ubiquitous in nature, and

Carbon is ubiquitous in nature, and its unique properties have been discovered in different fields. Since scientists discovered fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, zero-dimensional fullerenes, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, and three-dimensional diamonds form a carbon system [1]. Previous studies have shown that carbon - zero - dimensional, one - dimensional and three - dimensional structural materials are stable. Before the discovery of graphene, most scientists believed that because of the thermodynamic instability of its quasi-two-dimensional crystalline material, it was rapidly decomposed or dismantled, and could not maintain a long-term ordered structure in an infinite dimensional system at room temperature. Therefore, both theoretical and experimental worlds believe that perfect two-dimensional structures cannot be stable under normal conditions. But later, graphene was prepared in experiments and was stable, which attracted great attention from the scientific community