Quality planning initiates programs by addressing quality concerns during the product- or service-development process. Quality control ensures conformance to the parameters established in the planning phase during the operations phase. Quality improvements are used to continually improve operations and reduce waste. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa made significant contributions to the quality movement. He provided a collection of analytical tools to use in the workplace and developed the cause-and-effect diagram that bears his name. The following list explains some of these tools and provides examples:Check Sheet Check sheets are the simplest analysis tools, requiring only a list of items that might be expected to occur. In an HR setting, a check sheet might be used to keep track of the reasons people resign from their positions. Figure 5.1 is an example of a check sheet used for that purpose. When an item occurs, a check or tick mark is placed next to it on the list. The data collected with a check sheet may be graphically represented in a histogram to facilitate analysis.