In the past, some green design meth

In the past, some green design methods have been developed to help designers reduce theenvironmental impacts of their products [31–33]. Eastwood and Haapala [34] propose an aggregation method to help designers produce three alternative bevel gear designs at the manufacturing stage based on the eco-design concept. A lot of researchers apply the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) to create an innovative eco-design method for green products [35,36]. Mann [37] proposes a systematic sustainable innovation approach for sustainable products, services, and the product–service system based on TRIZ. Some authors integrate TRIZ with other methods to propose eco-innovative approaches such as Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Lean, the Taguchi method, Failure Mode and EffectsAnalysis (FMEA), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Kano, Axiomatic Design, and so on [38,39]. Chen and Liu [40,41] present a successful combination of eco-efficiency elements and the 39 TRIZ engineering parameters, along with a series of eco-design methods. Chang and Chen [42] also present some eco-innovative design methods and green evolution rules based on TRIZ and the design around approach.