The differences in the tear volume, tear film BUT, and fluorescein staining scores between the groups were evaluated by using a oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with Tukey’s post hoc analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the cytokine and chemokine levels, goblet and 4-HNE-positive cell densities, and flow cytometry differences between the groups. A value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant