Earratio earheightplantheight*100%(

Earratio earheight
plantheight
*100%
(1)
The LOV (Pepper et al., 1977) was determined as:
LOV (90 a)*h/l = − (2)
where a is the leaf angle, h is the distance from the leaf base point to the
zenith of the leaf, and l is the leaf length. The spatial density of the leaf
area (SDLA) (Ma et al., 2014) was calculated as:
Thespatialdensityofleafarea(SDLA) = LAI
plantheight (3)
The IPAR was calculated from photosynthetically active radiation
(PAR) measurements taken above the canopy and transmitted PAR
(TPAR) measurements were taken at four depths throughout the canopy: the bottom of the canopy, third leaf below the ear, ear, and third
leaf above the ear. The TPAR was also measured every 30 cm above the
ground. The fraction of intercepted solar radiation was measured at
11:00–13:00 on clear days at silking, using a line quantum sensor
(SunScan; Delta-T, UK) in 2014 and 2015.
As a function of these measurements, the attenuation coefficient (K)
was calculated by conversion into exponential functions (Maddonni
et al., 2001a) with equation:
= − K ln(TPAR/IPAR)
LAI (4)