Employers may develop their own tes

Employers may develop their own tests if they do not want to rely on the products of test Publishers. However, the difficulties involved in developing a reliable and valid test generally discourage most organizations from undertaking such a task. The exceptions are Job knowledge and jab sample tests, which can be constructed quite easily. If a personnel specialist clearly understands the information that employees need to know, a job knowledge test can be constructed to measure whether job applicants know what they need to know to perform the job well. A job sample test, also called a job tryout test, consists of a small, well-defined portion of the actual job. Applicants are asked to perform this job sample, and their behavior is observed to see how well they do Job knowledge tests and job sample tests typically possess good content validity.Achievement TestNumerous published tests measure how much individuals have achieved or learned. These achievement tests are used extensively in education to assess how much students have learned relative to each other and relative to their year in school. achievement tests also are available for evaluating how much individuals know about a particular trade. These exams are typically referred to as written trade tests. For example, the Purdue Test for Machinists and Machine Operators evaluates how much applicants know about hand tools, lathe machines, milling machines, and other machine tools. The test contains multiple-choice questions such as this one: "One of the best bearing metals contains antimony tin, and copper. This metal is called: (a)bronze, (b)brass, (b) babbitt, (d)lead.