This requirement is probably the mo

<br>对于基于<br>光伏和风能等可再生能源的可持续能源供应而言，此要求可能是最严峻的挑战<br>，因为其电力输出会随时间变化很大，<br>通常无法可靠地预测，并且在大多数情况下与发电量差异很大<br>。实际电力需求。特别地，<br>在长时间的平静和阴天<br>期间缺乏可用的可再生能源构成了重大挑战。<br>在这样的日子里，要提供足够的电力，要么可以<br>在待机模式下依靠大量的常规发电厂，在<br>可再生能源无法满足需求时准备接管，要么建造<br>大型设施（例如抽水式蓄能器或电池）可长期<br>储电。这两种方法都需要<br>以类似于<br>英国现有常规电厂的规模建造和维护昂贵的硬件。

这个要求可能是最苛刻的挑战<br>实现以可持续能源供应为基础的能源供应<br>可再生能源，如光伏和风能<br>电力，因为他们的电力输出随时间而变化很大，<br>往往不能可靠地预测，在大多数情况下有很大的不同<br>从实际电力需求。特别是缺乏<br>长时间平静多云期间可用可再生能源<br>期间提出了一个重大挑战。提供足够的电力<br>在这样的日子里，人们可以诉诸于一个庞大的传统舰队<br>发电厂处于待机模式，准备接管时<br>可再生能源不能满足需求，或建设<br>巨大的设施（如抽水存储或电池）长<br>持续时间电存储。这两种方法都需要<br>昂贵的硬件要建立和维护的规模类似于<br>英国现有的常规发电厂车队。

This requirement is probably the most demanding challengetowards the realization of a sustainable energy supply basedon renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and windpower, because their electricity output varies strongly with time,is often not reliably predictable and at most times differs greatlyfrom the actual electricity demand. In particular, the lack ofavailable renewable energy during prolonged calm and cloudyperiods poses a major challenge. To provide enough electricityon such days one can either resort to a large fleet of conventionalpower plants in standby mode, ready to take over when therenewable energy sources cannot satisfy the demand, or buildhuge facilities (such as pumped storage or batteries) for longduration electricity storage. Both of these approaches requirecostly hardware to be built and maintained on a scale similar tothe existing fleet of conventional power plants in the UK.<br>