There have been few studies conduct

There have been few studies conducted, however, to examine the third function of output: the noticing/triggering function. One of these studies, conducted by Swain and Lapkin (1995), found that output does not merely indicate the noticing of problems in a second-language learner’s interlanguage knowledge, but also motivates language acquisition by actuating various internal processes conducted in second-language acquisition. In other words, as Swain and Lapkin reported, students noticed their linguistic problems consciously. Shahadeh (2002) says that some researchers have emphasized creating modified output, but more researches are required to show how generating output can facilitate acquisition. Izumi et al. (1999) investigated the positive effect of output on noticing and second-language acquisition.