Archibald Hill (1886-1971) invented the field of biophysics, which can use simple geometric equations to predict how the anatomy of large and small animals differs.(1) Organisms exchange substances across a surface area. These substances are used to supply a volume of tissue.(2) The maximum force a muscle can generate is proportional to the number of muscle fibres contracting in parallel.(3) The maximum force a column can withstand is proportional to its cross-sectional area.