Urban underground structures, including tunnels, subway stations, and underground pipelines, are an important part of urban infrastructure. It greatly affects city operations, economic development and the safety of people's lives. Therefore, it is necessary to study its seismic performance. <br>The seismic research of underground structures is mainly through prototype observation, model test and theoretical analysis. Scholars have conducted a lot of related research. <br><br>Because the underground structure is surrounded by surrounding strata, its deformation is constrained by the surrounding soil, and the characteristics of the soil itself are also critical to the seismic study of the underground structure. Underground structures exist in various soil environments, and it is also necessary to pay attention to soil liquefaction caused by earthquakes.
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