Another distinction between trainin

Another distinction between training and education concerns their effects on the range of responses. Training tends to narrow the range of responses so that all employees who have been trained will make the same response in a specific situation. Education, on the other hand, tends to broaden the range of responses so that individuals who have obtained a general education will respond to a particular situation in a variety of different ways.Although we usually associate education with formal schooling it is also an important part of the learning that occurs in business. Many of the training and development programs in industry combine both education and training Management development programs, in particular, teach general knowledge that managers can apply in a variety of situations.In the design of training and education programs, it is useful to distinguish two kinds of knowledge explicit versus tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge refers to personal knowledge that can be formalized, codified, and communicated. This kind of knowledge is found in manuals, formulas, and task specifications. Tacit knowledge, however, refers to personal knowledge based on individual experience and is much more difficult to explain to others. Because tacit knowledge is difficult to communicate, it is transmitted through direct experience, such as interacting with other people or watching how they behave. Group norms and cultural values are typically communicated as tacit knowledge that people are expected to learn even if it is not explicitly taught. Well-designed training courses can successfully help employees learn tacit knowledge. But most tacit knowledge is transmitted through interpersonal interaction and experiences that are not found in most formal training