A third approach combines moderation and mediation by adding product terms to the regression equations involved in the causal steps procedure (Baron & Kenny, 1986; Muller,Judd, & Yzerbyt, 2005). Studies that apply this approach typically begin by using regression analysis to establish that Z moderates the relationship between X and Y, corresponding to Equation 1. At the second step, most studies examine whether Z moderates the effect of X on M, as captured by the following regression equation: