However, this is not unique to the Yangtze River. Te importance of this efect is illustrated by the Mississippi River foods in 2011. Te combined efect of river channel erosion, waterway engineering, and river regime control engineering caused riverbed coarsening, which further accelerated the increase of the same-fow food water-level. Substantial waterways, river regime control, and shoreline engineering were implemented in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which signifcantly reducing the foodwater river width. Although the efects of individual projects are small, the combined efect of many can contribute towards the upward trend in the same-fow food water-level