Cold sintering may provide new appr

Cold sintering may provide new approaches to design grain boundary structure. Applications of interest include barrier layer capacitors with colossal permittivities, and varistor materials for circuit protection. These types of electroceramics exhibit strong contrast in conductivity between the grain interiors and grain surfaces/boundaries, and often benefit from a nanoscaled microstructure. The low thermal budget of cold sintering can facilitate a microstructure that favors small sizes, minimizes chemical interactions, and preserves the properties of the initial powders. We can also prepare composites with co-tuned dielectric and magnetic properties. Figure 10 shows two examples where cold sintering combines dissimilar materials with vastly different grain sizes; nanoferrite BaFe12O19 and nanoferroelectric BaTiO3 dispersed among micron-sizedgrains of Li2MoO4. Such composite designs enable tunable permittivity and permeability, which are important parameters for impedance matching in high frequency antennae.