Clinical data of 87 premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis admitted to the affiliated cuc hospital of southeast university from May 2014 to December 2018 were collected. The etiological characteristics of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis were analyzed. The changes of serum inflammatory factors in probiotics intervention group and control group were compared before and after treatment. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.