- The sound field characteristic of

- The sound field characteristic of greatest importance is the spectrum of early sound (Shankland3)- Reflections arriving 10 – 40 ms improve ensemble (Marshall et al2)- Reflections beyond 35 ms can contribute to ensemble at lower frequencies (Meyer and ‘Serra4)- Reflections before 35 ms preferred, if weak direct sound or fast movement & long RT (Krokstad et al5)- 0.5 – 2 kHz sound important for ensemble, below 500 Hz may be detrimental (Marshall and Meyer9)- Too much early energy on stage can cause the orchestra to sound too quiet in the audience (Meyer13)- Early reflections are the main factor for achieving support (Gade16,17)- At least 2 or 3 early reflections should arrive before 30 ms (Benade10,11)- Reflections beyond 100 – 200 ms are detrimental for the orchestra (Benade10,11)- Early reflections are important for ensemble and support (Ueno et al36)- Level of other instruments supported by 15 – 35 ms reflections (Meyer22)- Strong early reflections at 5 – 20 ms can cause unfavorable coloration effects (Halmrast31)- Singers disliked a 40 ms delayed reflection (Marshall and Meyer9 and Burd and Haslam25)- For fast tempo solo singing a 17 ms delayed single reflection is preferred (Noson et al32)